Are hard-to-reach populations being reached with immunization services? Findings from the 2005 Papua New Guinea national immunization coverage survey.

摘要: Objective: To measure immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and to assess if why there are differences between hard-to-reach more accessible communities. Methods: WHO cluster sampling methodology was employed PNGs four regions. Survey data were re-analyzed according a local assessment of geographical accessibility indicated by census unit type: urban rural hard-to-reach. Census units designated as they five or kilometres from health centre. Findings: Nationwide for most antigens falls below the national target 80% although regional with Islands performing best. Late doses major concern: just 4% fully immunized valid ("on time") 1 year age. Coverage lower both remote communities: at 6 48% had received three DTP-3 but only 16% areas 13% Reasons failure immunize varied: 21% mothers said their child not because distance travel conditions cost transportation prevented access centres; 27% cited lack knowledge misconceptions about immunization; while 29% believed it an issue system. Conclusions: Throughout PNG is urgent need increase ensure that on time schedule. Both timeliness worse living areas. Achieving targets requires improvements service delivery including outreach especially communities well greater community education social mobilisation support services.