Insulin therapy and its consequences for the mother, foetus, and newborn in gestational diabetes mellitus.

摘要: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease characterised by glucose intolerance and first diagnosed in pregnancy. This condition relates to an anomalous placental environment aberrant vascular function. GDM-associated hyperglycaemia changes the placenta structure leading abnormal development functionality of this vital organ. Aiming avoid GDM-hyperglycaemia its deleterious consequences mother, foetus newborn, women with GDM are firstly treated controlled diet therapy; however, some fail reach recommended glycaemia values therefore they passed second line treatment, i.e., insulin therapy. The several protocols available literature regarding therapy variable not clear consensus yet reached. Insulin restores maternal glycaemia, but beneficial effect reflected newborn metabolism, suggesting that other factors than d-glucose may be involved pathophysiology GDM. Worryingly, cause alterations umbilical vessels as well additional those seen pregnant diet. In review, we summarised information indications for administration possible outcomes on function foetoplacental unit neonate parameters from