Responses to Deforestation in a Group of Mantled Howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica

摘要: To evaluate the effects of partial deforestation home range a group free-ranging howlers on Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica, we compared activity patterns, social interactions, daily travel lengths, sizes and migration patterns before, during, after habitat destruction. Immediate responses were decrease in interactions increase start to travel. Long-term included an feeding time longer path length. The long-term associated with adjustment new which was narrower, patchiest resources at furthest end points. Group size decreased due significant adult males females infant deaths between predeforestation period deforestation/postdeforestation periods. Significant female deaths/emigration continues, though emigration immatures remains unchanged. Reduced could be reduced or disturbed routes throughout farm construction major canal system.