From closed-loop to sustainable supply chains:The WEEE case

摘要: The primary objective of closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) is to improve the maximum economic benefit from end-of-use products. Nevertheless, literature within this stream research advocates that closing loop also helps mitigate undesirable environmental footprint chains. Therefore, are assumed be sustainable almost by definition. In paper we analyse if and when assumption holds. We illustrate our findings based on Electric Electronic Equipment (EEE) chain. For all phases chain, i.e. manufacturing, usage, transportation end-of-life activities, assess magnitude impacts, a single metric, namely Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). Given hot-spots in propose useful extensions for existing CLSC optimisation models ensure at same time