Anoxic or aerial survival of bivalves and other euryoxic invertebrates as a useful response to environmental stress—A comprehensive review

摘要: Abstract Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the applicability of anoxic/aerial survival as an early warning indicator contaminant induced stress. The effects xenobiotics, including heavy metals, organometals organics well contaminated sediments been investigated. use this physiological response is rapid, easily quantified inexpensive. In most bivalve molluscs were investigated, sea mussel Mytilus edulis L. being favourite species. different approaches used by various researchers, reported in literature, demonstrate necessity for these experiments to be standardized. When estimating mortality rate a closed system or aerial exposure, cause death may not indication anoxia tolerance, but artifact due development microorganisms. Therefore flow-through suggested cases where duration test exceeds 1 week. acute assessment water quality at low temperatures combination with organism relatively tolerance (e.g., crustaceans). Various reasons why anoxic reduced toxicants are proposed. Depletion fuel reserves involved anaerobic metabolism intoxication fermentative products already commence during chronic exposure contaminants, and/or energy disturbed. general there elevated catabolic activity especially pyruvate derivatives prominent end muscle tissue exposed groups. comp biochem physiol 113C, 299–312, 1996.