Tumor-Specific Mutations as Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy

摘要: The fundamental job of the immune system is to discriminate self from nonself. To achieve this, actively tolerized against proteins. When pathogens enter a host, they introduce foreign proteins which host not tolerant, and an response ensues. In contrast, tumors represent special case, as vast majority tumor are “self” hence do trigger activation. However, mutation genes important for regulation cell growth underlying cause cancer any point mutation, insertion, reading frame-shift or protein fusion that generates new sequence could theoretically be recognized by system. With advent high-throughput sequencing technologies, we have entered era where germline genomes individual patients can sequenced, such entire repertoire tumor-specific mutations known. date, more than 78,000 somatic been reported in human cancer. While prospect targeting this huge diversity via pharmacological approaches appears daunting, T-cell-based treatments may offer practical alternative owing enormous antigen receptors expressed T-cell compartment. what extent system? targeted immunotherapy? Here, review work date on these questions with focus transitioned basic laboratory investigations through clinical trials humans. Our goal identify major issues need resolved enable advances DNA translated effective therapies clinic.