Hydrodynamics of suction feeding in fish

摘要: 1. Suction feeding is the dominant way to obtain food in teleosts. Its high demands on structures due required velocities and forces leads expectation that a biophysical analysis will aid reveal adaptive significance of head body related this action. 2. A main factor development perfection mechanisms prey suction pushing water by approaching predator density water. 3. To only flow relative important. This consists components caused suction, forward motion swimming. Flow are therefore calculated frame moving fish. They differ from measured an earth-bound e.g. aquarium. The distinction these two systems coordinates essential feature present approach. 4. model developed expanding compressing cylinder or cone, possessing anterior opening ("mouth aperture") posterior region ("opercular") with branchiostegal- opercular valve. simplifications necessary fish transition examined their applicability. done for hydrodynamic (e.g. role friction) as well biological influence gills) abstractions. 5. features interrelation between shape movement mouth aperture region, moment swallowing valve opening, translation unsteady nature generate flow. point zero facilitated construction streamlines reference calculation pressures. 6. actual high-speed movies use measurements simulations necessitated complex procedures curve fitting. 7. front towards its mouth, inside buccal cavity, behind valves around rest united one comprehensive picture. Problems boundary values which must be chosen describe frontal caudal discussed. 8. capture optimization amount sucked velocity into fish's requested, together directed reducing not containing prey. former increased when continuing expansion can performed closed thus maintaining antero-posterior solution requires long rotatable branchiostegal rays. conditions outflow through slits after 9. effect leakage inflow notched angles presented. Morphological adaptations area's treated quantitative velocity. 10. internal form promontory consisting urohyal, sternohyoid muscle pectoral girdle gills explained gradual changes direction accelerations. 11. series types distinguished based contributions time third characteristic. causes all sides whereas swimming highly parallel 12. Jaw protrusion greatly increases has similar effects Due impulse added kept at low value. Protrusion besides ecological versatility because it provides habitat many obstacles prohibit fast 13. accurate prediction pressure studies limited pressures proportional second derivatives motion. contribute variations. Pressures simulating length increase demonstrate load during "growth" suggest limits subjected. Combination influenced factors restricted range possible options. 14. Careful application above findings existing schemes succession evolution actinopterygian fishes strongly suggests jaw apparatus opercular- system improve result biting.