The cyst-theca relationship of the dinoflagellate cystTrinovantedinium pallidifulvum, with erection ofProtoperidinium lousianensissp. nov. and their phylogenetic position within theConicagroup

摘要: We establish the cyst-theca relationship of dinoflagellate cyst species Trinovantedinium pallidifulvum Matsuoka 1987 based on germination experiments specimens isolated from Gulf Mexico. show that motile stage is a new species, designated as Protoperidinium louisianensis. also determine its phylogenetic position single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single cell germinated Mexico cysts. To further refine phylogeny, we determined large subunit (LSU) sequence through PCR Selenopemphix undulata Brentwood Bay (Saanich Inlet, BC, Canada). The phylogeny shows P. louisianensis closest to shanghaiense, T. applanatum, and consistent with monophyly genus Trinovantedinium. belongs different clade than quanta (alleged conicum), suggesting polyphyletic. widely distributed occurrences in Mexico, North Atlantic, northeast Pacific southeast Asia. In addition, illustrate two other extant applanatum variabile, morphotypes Geochemical analyses wall indicate presence amide groups agreement heterotrophic although includes some unique features.