Pre-Frailty and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Men and Women: The Pro.V.A. Study

摘要: Abstract Background Frailty is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the impact of early, potentially reversible stages frailty on CVD unknown. Objectives This study sought to ascertain whether pre-frailty can predict onset in a cohort community-dwelling, not disabled, elderly people. Methods A sample 1,567 participants age 65 96 years without or disability at baseline was followed 4.4 years. Pre-frailty defined as presence 1 2 modified Fried criteria (unintentional weight loss, low physical activity level, weakness, exhaustion, and slow gait speed), incident coronary artery diseases, heart failure, stroke, peripheral disease, CVD-related mortality. Results During follow-up, 551 developed CVD. Compared with who did become frail, those criterion (p = 0.03) 0.001) had significantly higher CVD, even after adjusting several potential confounders (traditional factors inflammatory markers, hemoglobin A1c levels). Low energy expenditure 0.03), exhaustion 0.01), speed were associated whereas unintentional loss weakness not. Conclusions Our findings suggest that pre-frailty, which reversible, independently older adults developing Among domains seems be best predictor future