Urine protein biomarkers for detection of cardiovascular disease and their use for the clinic.

摘要: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading noncommunicable and main cause of death worldwide. Traditionally, blood has been sample choice for biomarker discovery, however, urine roused great interest in recent years as a source biomarkers. Sample collection simple, non-invasive, there possibility implementing minimal cost tests primary care settings. Areas covered: In this review, we systematically searched PubMed proteomic studies CVD, with criteria that was included biological sample. Based on these criteria, after manual curation, 47 research papers were included: 8 coronary artery disease, 5 angina, 15 myocardial infarction, 23 heart failure, 4 cerebrovascular disease. Expert commentary: Urinary biomarkers early, asymptomatic stages would have impact CVD morbidity mortality, widespread screening could be implemented at reduced cost, allowing high-risk individuals to identified treated timely manner. An approach involving multiple necessary, single unlikely sensitive/specific enough. By assessing range peptides potential detect changes many pathways involved pathogenesis CVDs.