The neglected role of insulin‐like growth factors in the maternal circulation regulating fetal growth

摘要: Maternal insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a pivotal role in modulating fetal via their actions on both the mother and placenta. Circulating IGFs influence maternal tissue metabolism, thereby regulating nutrient availability for of conceptus. also regulate placental morphogenesis, substrate transport hormone secretion, all which either indirect effects availability, or through direct placenta its capacity to supply nutrients fetus. The extent and/or are dependent species factors, including age nutrition. As altered is associated with increased perinatal morbidity mortality greater risk developing degenerative diseases adult life, understanding during pregnancy essential order identify mechanisms underlying offspring programming.