Carcinogenicity of azo colorants: influence of solubility and bioavailability.

摘要: Abstract In the past, azo colorants based on benzidine, 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine, 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine (o-tolidine), and 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine (o-dianisidine) have been synthesized in large amounts numbers. Studies exposed workers demonstrated that azoreduction of benzidine-based dyes occurs man. The metabolic conversion benzidine-, 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine- 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine-based to their (carcinogenic) amine precursors vivo is a general phenomenon must be considered for each member this class chemicals. Several epidemiological studies use has caused bladder cancer humans. However, contrast water-soluble dyes, question biological (practically insoluble) pigments matter discussion. As majority are much available experimental data focused group. Long-term animal carcinogenicity performed with 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine did not show carcinogenic effect. absence genotoxic effect supported by mutagenicity 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine-based Pigment Yellow 12. which had orally administered rats, hamsters, rabbits monkeys could generally detect significant urine. It, therefore, appears well established aromatic components from practically bioavailable. Hence, it very unlikely occupational exposure insoluble would associated substantial risk (bladder) According current EU regulations, classified as carcinogens category 2 “substances should regarded if they man”. This case pigments.