Characterization of the Wood Mycobiome of Vitis vinifera in a Vineyard Affected by Esca. Spatial Distribution of Fungal Communities and Their Putative Relation With Leaf Symptoms.

摘要: Esca is a disease complex belonging to the grapevine trunk diseases cluster. It comprises five syndromes, three main fungal pathogenic agents and several symptoms, both internal (i.e., affecting woody tissue) external (e.g., leaves bunches). The etiology epidemiology of this remain, in part, unclear. Some points that are still under discussion concern sudden rise incidence, simultaneous presence multiple wood pathogens affected grapevines, causal discontinuity time leaf symptoms manifestation. standard approach study esca has been mostly through culture-dependent studies, yet, leaving many questions unanswered. In study, we used Illumina® next-generation amplicon sequencing investigate mycobiome grapevines vineyard with history esca. We characterized composition, investigated spatial dynamics communities different areas stem canes, assessed putative link between symptoms. An unprecedented diversity fungi presented (289 taxa), including genera reported for first association (Debaryomyces, Trematosphaeria, Biatriospora, Lopadostoma, Malassezia) numerous hitherto unreported species. Esca-associated Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Fomitiporia sp. dominate community, other associated syndromes also encountered Eutypa spp., Inonotus hispidus). analysis revealed differences diversity, evenness taxa abundances, unique certain specific plants, tissue specificity. Lastly, composition proximity manifesting 'tiger stripes' esca, as well leaf-symptomatic was highly similar plants not exhibiting any symptomatology. This observation supports current understanding directly linked wood. work builds microbial ecology wood, offering insights critical view on knowledge