Role of glutamate and excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases

摘要: Glutamate is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitter in central nervous system. acts on 4 different post synaptic receptors; NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid), Kainate and metabotropic receptors. The three former receptors are linked to membrane ion channels whereas coupled with a G protein. involved physiologic processes learning, memory motricity. also potent neurotoxin responsible for toxic neuronal death neurons. This action has been denominated excitotoxicity occurs as consequence prolonged or strong activation glutamate post-synaptic rise intracellular calcium seems play role pathological events following excitotoxicity. pathophysiology several acute chronic neurological disorders excitotoxic process could be present observed stroke, hypoglycemia traumatisms system degeneration Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's disease neuro AIDS. A better knowledge cellular induced by will allow consider new therapeutic approaches various disorders.