Models of ADHD: Five ways smaller sooner is better.

摘要: Abstract Background In the delay discounting paradigm choices are made between a good of small utility available soon (SS) vs. greater later (LL). Versions task may be used with human and non-human subjects, they generate characteristic data, relevance topic this special issue, imputed impulsivity organisms categorized as ADHD, animal models ADHD. Method Mathematical judgment were formulated. The first model adds to delay. It provides distinct information about future perspective, marginal goods offered, relative weight on grounds hyperbolic discounting. predicts slower rates discount for more preferred goods. can reduce an exponential function perspective time. When choice is mediated by conditioning, not judgment, conditioned reinforcement strength written. For studies where only degree preference LL reported, Thurstonian discrimination shell that embraces all earlier models, providing additional precision bias those preferential judgments. Comparison other All prominent nested within, or approximations to, described here. Results fit exemplary data. They provide some support theories aversion, explanations inconsistencies in literature. involve parameters general connection economic models.