Composite structures containing high capacity porous active materials constrained in shells

摘要: Provided are novel electrode material composite structures containing high capacity active materials formed into porous base structures. The also include shells that encapsulate these During lithiation of the material, shell mechanically constrains structure. allows lithium ions to pass through but prevents electrolyte solvents from interacting with encapsulated material. In certain embodiments, contains carbon, while structure silicon. Although silicon tends swell during lithiation, porosity and/or void spaces inside helps accommodate this additional volume within without breaking it or substantially increasing overall size This integration various types battery electrodes and cycling damaging electrodes' internal deteriorating characteristics batteries.