A multi-level concept for fish-based, river-type-specific assessment of ecological integrity

摘要: We propose a multi-level concept for fish-based assessment (MuLFA) of the ecological integrity running waters. This is designed large-scale monitoring programmes such as required proposed Water Framework Directive EU. Out five different biological organisation levels (fauna, community, guild, population and individual), we seven criteria: River-type-specific species, species with self-sustaining populations, fish region, number guilds, guild composition, size age structure. The principle MuLFA based on assessing deviation from undisturbed reference conditions. Reference conditions have to be compiled every distinct river type using historical abiotic data, present river-type-specific sites models. final procedure done by comparing reach 5-tiered normative scheme assigning that level highest coincidence. benefit its potential consistent sensitivity low- high-dose human alterations, due general character, adaptability all types.