Differentiated integration in the European Union: a concept, a process, a system or a theory?

摘要: Differentiation has been a feature of European integration for more than two decades. Nowadays, half Union (EU) policies are now implemented in different ways. Recent debates over potential British exit from the EU revived discussions on future integration, offering case disintegration. Yet scholars and practitioners still find it difficult to define notion. The introduction this collection offers survey literature differentiated its most recent developments justifies why study differentiation needs move up research agenda integration. It suggests that studying as concept, process, system theory is minimum needed understand it. Finally, demonstrates necessity permanent ‘normal’