摘要: Recently, people, devices, processes, and other entities have been more connected than at any point in history. In general, a graph is natural, neat, flexible structure to model the complex relationships, interactions, interdependencies between objects (Fig. 4.1). particular, each consists of nodes (or vertices) that represent edges links) relationships among nodes. Graphs widely used datasets wide range application domains such as social science, astronomy, computational biology, telecommunications, computer networks, semantic Web, protein many others (Sakr Pardede, Graph Data Management: Techniques Applications, 2011 [73]).