Toxicity of nanoparticles

摘要: Abstract This chapter will focus on the most relevant recent advances in our understanding of nanoparticle toxicity and their adverse health effects humans. We show compelling evidence related to uptake, biodistribution, putative roles human disease etiopathogenesis. Nanoparticles have different physicochemical properties compared with larger particles or bulk materials. As a result, they are increasingly being used applications various fields. It is paramount importance be aware for several reasons. Exposure nanoparticles can occur when handling them, as result accidental environmental release, during waste disposal recycling. very small that enter body through routes, such inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure. Due size, evade immune system, circulatory apparatus, reach organs. Being smaller than cells, penetrate cell walls, organelles, disturb physiology, leading cytotoxicity genotoxicity. A large amount data including in vitro studies, in vivo studies animals humans, epidemiological occupational report toxicity. There growing linking exposure many cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, clots, stroke, arrhythmia, heart disease, attack; respiratory diseases lung cancer; neurodegenerative dementia, Alzheimer's Parkinson's diseases; reproductive system such, improving overall toxic these novel materials help us prevent undesirable consequences.