Urban energy use modeling methods and tools: A review and an outlook

摘要: Abstract Urban energy use modeling is important for understanding and managing performance in cities. However, the existing methods tools have limitations representing a realistic urban model supporting evaluation at or neighborhood scales. In addition, there lack of an integrated approach analyzing different components use. The assessment often reduce definition to operational buildings, ignoring other essential such as transportation energy, embodied buildings infrastructure. reliable accurate prediction remains challenge methodological uncertainties that are embedded common not considered. This, turn, affects suitability these approaches decision-making purposes. key limitation data-driven stem from aggregate data estimations generalizing status quo. simulation-based methods, oversimplification context failure account occupancy human-related factors, microclimate inter-building effects major limitations. present article provides review current tools, techniques modeling. It examines strengths each presents outlook future (UEUM) could capture through bottom-up hybrid build upon two while reducing uncertainties.