Microdialysis elevation of adenosine in the basal forebrain produces vigilance impairments in the rat psychomotor vigilance task.

摘要: THE ACTIVATION OF CORTICALLY PROJECTING BASAL FOREBRAIN (BF) NEURONS HAS LONG BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CORTICAL ACTIVATION, AROUSAL, and attention/vigilance.1–3 Although the cholinergic population of these BF neurons has been most widely studied, at least 2 other populations (ie, GABAergic, putatively glutamatergic neurons) also play a role in this cortical activation.4,5 An inhibition leads to reduced arousal vigilance; hence, recent work attempted identify biologic processes that inhibit during periods sleepiness vigilance.6,7 Adenosine, an inhibitory neuromodulator putative sleep factor, emerged as leading neurochemical candidate mediating wakefulness/vigilance-promoting neurons.8,9 Adenosine, byproduct energy metabolism (adenosine is “A” ATP), shown accumulate prolonged wakefulness when demands are high) decline sleep.6,7,10 Caffeine theophylline potent adenosine receptor antagonists, explaining stimulant effects coffee tea.11 The application similar antagonist directly into increases wakefulness, whereas increasing levels via drug reduces wakefulness.6,7 These, additional findings, have led hypothesis elevation correlate associated with and, such, may be mediator homeostatic drive.12 In present study, we used foundation knowledge test prediction microdialysis exogenous rat will produce decrease vigilance performance Psychomotor Vigilance Task (rPVT). The (PVT) human studies detect sustained attention impairments different types loss, including chronic restriction,13,14 deprivation,15,16 disordered breathing,17–19 insomnia.20–22 However, only recently version PVT described lends itself invasive investigations control behavior state attention.24 previous demonstrated pharmacologic adenosine, or agonists, decreases time animals spend wakefulness,10,23,28,29,reviewed 6 & 7 it unknown how manipulation alters task such rPVT. We here report rPVT sustained-attention resemble those seen rats24,26 humans13–22 after various forms deprivation disruption.