A framework for determining road pricing revenue use and its welfare effects

摘要: In the last five decades, much of focus on travel cost has been what form pricing should take, whether it be a direct road toll, in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) tax, encapsulated gas or by some other mechanism. An area that received less attention, but is nonetheless important when considering any change, impact such mechanisms traveler welfare and time savings. While an increase may achieve traffic flow efficiencies, also unduly burden low-income travelers unjustly benefit higher-income drivers. aspect debate not just will produce efficient market, if implemented, how generated revenue managed. We propose model to analyze transport equity measuring change savings as result mix pricing, recycling (tax cuts) transit subsidies. this paper we introduce multimodal demand incorporate with various subsidy options. A base case scenarios are developed address hypothetical scenarios. find structure mechanism average small annual per capita welfare. Replacing state tax VMT can have positive welfare, particularly for lower-income groups rural residents. would least detrimental especially groups.