Autoimmune and Autoantibody-Associated Encephalomyelopathies

摘要: Abstract Autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) affection comprises an expanding group of potentially treatable disorders that should be included in the differential diagnosis any type encephalitis or myelitis. The extent CNS involvement systemic immunopathic such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sarcoidosis has been recognized since long. However, identification underlying pathogenic mechanisms led to development revolutionary antibody (Ab)-based therapies improving prognosis this patients. Further advances autoimmune have new clinical syndromes, associated with antineuronal Abs transformed diagnostic and therapeutic approach these disorders. Starting auto-Abs acetylcholine receptor for myasthenia gravis against intracellular nuclear Ab 1 (ANNA-1) (Hu) antigen, there is still a continuous expansion number cell surface, synaptic, molecules, which expose antigenic epitopes neurological Numerous were extraneural malignancy, causing “paraneoplastic syndromes,” while others occur primary diseases. Furthermore, several targeting glial antigens, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), enabled classification distinct entities. particular focus chapter on myelitis, subdivided into two groups: (1) diseases manifestations (2) Ab-associated CNS.