Control of synorogenic sedimentation on back and out-of-sequence thrusting: Insights from analog modeling of an orogenic front (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)

摘要: [1] Scaled sandbox models based on field and seismic data were used to simulate Miocene evolution of the Carpathian orogenic front. The experiments investigated influence synorogenic deposition geometry kinematics growing tectonic structures. introduced at foreland an active fold-thrust wedge resting top a weak ductile detachment horizon generally results in transferring deformation rear part model. Depending rate across-strike extent sedimentation moment it starts, single major back thrust above edge layer can form or out-of-sequence verging thrusts be initiated. Alternatively, older faults reactivated model wedge, leading destruction earlier formed Our explain origin three different structural geometries known from front, involving related triangle zones breaching forethrusts that substantially reorganized patterns wedge. development these was controlled by massive foreland. From modeling natural examples we infer number typical situations occur front underlain horizon, depending parameters controlling push exerted approaching