Quantifying the Impact of Woodpecker Predation on Population Dynamics of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)

摘要: The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle that has killed millions of trees (Fraxinus spp.) since it was accidentally introduced to North America in the 1990s. Understanding how predators such as woodpeckers (Picidae) affect population dynamics EAB should enable us more effectively manage spread this beetle, and toward end we combined two experimental approaches elucidate relative importance woodpecker predation on populations. First, examined wild populations New York, with each tree having a section screened exclude woodpeckers. Second, established cohorts Maryland, half these were caged following spring debarked fates larvae determined. We found from which excluded consistently had significantly lower levels predation, comprised greater source mortality at sites infestation EAB. Additionally, there considerable difference between York Maryland effect growth, suggesting alone may not be substantial factor controlling In our also observed higher level parasitism. parasitism when exposed implications for biological control, might prudent attempting establish parasitoid Future studies include utilizing larval range densities explore functional response