Evolutionary history and phylogeography of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Europe based on molecular markers

摘要: In this review we summarized recent historical records and molecular studies on evolutionary history phylogeography of Scots pine with focus the European highly fragmented distribution area species. Fossilized pollen, plant micro- macrofossil provided evidences large-scale species’ range shifts demographic changes during Quaternary. Populations were documented both in glacial (incl. full glaciation) interglacial periods. Recolonization Europe after glaciation originated from (Sub) Mediterranean areas like Balkan Peninsula but also around Eastern Alps surroundings Danube plain. Fennoscandia northern Baltic regions most probably colonized two main directions, Western Russian Plain. Modern was hardly affected by anthropogenic activities that started to strengthen Bronze Iron Age. Along fossil records, genetic tools used infer origin putative including migration, differentiation demography paper compiled major publications (30) past 20 years derived distinctly inherited organelle genomes (mitochondrial, chloroplast, nuclear) revealed different marker systems (mtDNA-cox1, -nad1, -nad3, -nad7, ISSR, cpSSR, nSSR, B-SAP, SNP). It is important consider phylogeographic patterns can be drawn analysis DNA types. Accordingly use more than one simultaneously outlines sophisticated phylogeographical pattern lineages reveal high distribution. Combined markers coding sequences have been detect patterns, these rarely applied pine. Although new techniques provide higher resolution data for populations, reviewed results shape direction further studies.