Two to Ten Years: Developmental Trajectories of Joint Attention in Children With ASD Who Received Targeted Social Communication Interventions

摘要: Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have early delays and differences in prelinguistic skills that significantly differentiate them from children other disabilities. For example, joint attention of sharing others vis a objects or events, showing, pointing are seriously impaired ASD. The importance these is underscored by their significant associations spoken language (Charman, 2003; Kasari et al., 2012; Mundy, Sigman & Kasari, 1990). This link has resulted the targeting intervention programs. While been studied young for many years, trajectories specific beyond preschool unknown. Specifically, it unclear if nonverbal gestures should remain important targets intervention, whether they become less as develop skills. Our current knowledge about developmental largely focuses on measures intelligence adaptive functioning. Intelligence improves across childhood influenced factors such age child began intensity services, severity (Harris 1991; Harris Handleman, 2000). Studies functioning show increased social-communication skills, but change repetitive behaviors over time (Munson 2008). Stability diagnosis also well documented into adolescence (McGovern Sigman, 2005; Robinson 2011; Fecteau 2003). There little information trajectory core deficits autism, attention. When examined longitudinal framework, often context how influences later development. In recent study, colleagues (2012) found that, along chronological age, play level, treatment assignment, preschooler’s initiations predicted expressive five years later. addition, Gillespie-Lynch al. responding to social adulthood. These studies suggest concurrent subsequent development related domains, we know very casual relationship, any, development. A study examining emergence requesting during sequence timing skill differed ASD typical who were matched ages (Paparella 2011). Joint emerged different order compared children, while developed similar order, delayed onset. Carpenter, Pennington Rogers (2002) reported findings. Still, not explored course ASD. Additional can be gathered infant-sibling literature at higher risk developing disorder. Yoder (2009) characterized 15–34 months using framework initial levels rate growth weighed variable both degree impairment final point. Later was related. utilized cross-sectional design youngest at-risk Experimental research designs needed extend findings explicitly known past infancy toddler period. To expand our understanding childhood, this paper followed sample roughly six development, (2–5 age) elementary school (8–10 years). participants randomized controlled trial received either symbolic yielded scores (Kasari 2006) had greater outcomes one year 2008) four 2012). The examines (pointing, coordinated looking), 6-year period. We expressly interested prelinquistic relationship between language. hypothesize time, some universal increase throughout distinct periods diminish uniquely casually due strong association two constructs previous (e.g. 2012). assignment original RCT (Joint Attention Group (JA), Symbolic Play (SP), Control (CO)) better understand targeted treatments outcomes. participation focused long-term effects, changing Finally, diagnostic (Autism, ASD, No diagnosis) retrospectively examine typicality gesturing group. pattern continue meet criteria those lose status time. consequences efforts measurement