Is it possible the substitution of Cr cations from spinel-type oxides with bulky rare-earth cations by sol–gel auto-combustion method?

摘要: Abstract Rare-earth La 3+ cations, with large ionic radii, substituted ZnCr 2−x x O 4 nanoparticles ranging from 0.0 to 0.50 were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion technique. Effect of substitution on structural and magnetic properties 2 spinel oxide is reported. The phase composition the obtained powders was investigated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements made using a SQUID magnetometer. FT-IR diffraction revealed transition structure perovskite because exchange Zn 2+ cations among constituent A-sites. particle size estimated SEM micrographs found increase ions 48 80 nm. It that magnetization follow decreasing trend Cr paramagnetic ions. Also, showed drastic decrease temperature 2 K 300 K enhanced domain pinning effect, due substitution.