CHANGING HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS: A REVIEW OF THEORY AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS IN HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

摘要: Abstract Changing health-risk behavior has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality enhance quality of life. The present review aims describe the models theories that underpin effective interventions empirical studies warrant their successful use with specific health risk-behaviors. Motivational, behavioral enactment multi-stage are critically discussed in context identifying ingredients help translate into practice by designing change interventions. Future research directions outlined for continuing development a theory evidence based psychology its integration evidence-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies, as both focused on change. Key words: behavior, change, effectiveness, evidencebased INTRODUCTION Human plays central role maintenance prevention disease. Health-risk can be defined any activity undertaken people frequency or intensity increases risk disease injury (Steptoe & Wardle, 2004). behaviors might cluster together risky lifestyle. Much is caused individual patterns, polluted environment poverty. Statistics show half premature death from 10 leading causes developed countries preventable factors, such as: tobacco use, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, sexual practices, non-adherence medication regimens screening programs (Gray, 1993). Health also influence cognitive performance, emotions, overall life (Hawkins Anderson, 1996). Although epidemiologic data relationships between these various outcomes were available early 1980s, many refinements knowledge have occurred since then. Causal conclusions strengthened more sophisticated designs, program implementations. impact magnitude it become one priorities most important national international organizations (Rutter Quine, To advance field Behavior Change Consortium (BCC) was created collaborative network institutions specialists. BCC reviews currently informs about links social behaviors, improve through modifying behavior. It addresses what must still learned order answer questions discover share works, does not regarding (Prochaska, 2005). There some issues field. First, there an overlapping constructs among cognition illness. Bandura (2000) criticizes way proliferation determines "cafeteria style research" where mixture theoretical concepts used unnecessarily multiply predictors name integration. For instance, self-efficacy concept Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) overlaps perceived control Reasoned Action Planned (see below) barriers SCT Belief Model. More needed provide discriminant validity constructs, already validated cognitivebehavioral clinical (David, Miclea, Opre, 2004), target promotion and/or treatment. Second, considered when (1) interpretation fulfills two criteria: (a) provides clear account hypothesized underlying psychological mechanisms generate following intervention; (b) empirically tested before being modification (Michie Abraham, 2004); researchers argue obtained populations particular circumstances build theory, (2) includes randomized trials (RTC), elaboration process evaluations measure identify strategies work …