Radiological aspects of petroleum exploration and production in the sultanate of Oman

摘要: This thesis is a study of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) activity concentration, gamma dose rate and radon (222Rn) exhalation from the waste streams large-scale onshore petroleum operations. Types activities covered included; sludge recovery separation tanks, farming, NORM storage, scaling in oil tubulars, gas production sedimentation produced water evaporation ponds. Field work was conducted arid desert terrain an operational exploration region Sultanate Oman. The main radionuclides found were 226Ra 210Pb (238U - series), 228Ra 228Th (232Th 227Ac (235U along with 40K. All concentrations higher than ambient soil level varied over several orders magnitude. The range rates at 1 m height above ground for farm treated had 0.06 0.43 µSv h 1, average close to mean 0.086 ± 0.014 whereas untreated 0.07 1.78 0.456 0.303 1. geometric 222Rn area surrounding mBq 2 s Radon reported products all value three magnitude. This resulted some unique findings including: (i) detection radiotoxic scales sludge, (ii) need new empirical relation between rates, (iii) assessment sludge. Additionally investigated method determine scale age by use inherent behaviour as 228Ra:226Ra 228Th:228Ra ratios.