Widespread agrochemicals differentially affect zooplankton biomass and community structure

摘要: Abstract Anthropogenic environmental change is causing habitat deterioration at unprecedented rates in freshwater ecosystems. Despite increasing more rapidly than other agents of global change, synthetic chemical pollution –including agrochemicals such as pesticides– has received relatively little attention biotic assessments. Determining the effects multiple on complex community and ecosystem properties remains a major challenge, requiring cross-field integration ecology ecotoxicology. Using large-scale array experimental ponds, we investigated response zooplankton (biomass, composition, diversity metrics) to individual joint presence three widespread agrochemicals: herbicide glyphosate, neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, fertilisers. We tracked temporal variation biomass structure (i.e., along single combined pesticide gradients (each spanning eight levels), under low (mesotrophic) high (eutrophic) nutrient-enriched conditions, quantified (i) agrochemical interactions, (ii) threshold concentrations, (iii) resistance recovery. found that groups differed their sensitivity pesticides: ≥3 µg/L imidacloprid impaired copepods, rotifers collapsed glyphosate levels ≥0.3 mg/L, whereas some cladocerans were highly tolerant contamination. Glyphosate was most influential driver properties, with responding but recovering unequally over time. Zooplankton showed when first exposed recovered even increased concentration; contrast, richness declined contaminated ponds failed recover. Our results show taxa compensated for loss sensitive species, conferring greater upon subsequent exposure; rare example pollution-induced tolerance metazoans. Overall, appears be resilient structure, yet all measured this study affected below common water quality guidelines North America.