Temperature climatology of the middle atmosphere from long‐term lidar measurements at middle and low latitudes

摘要: Long-term measurements from several lidar instruments (Rayleigh and sodium) located at 44.0°N, 40.6°N, 34.4°N, 19.5°N have been used to develop a new climatology of the middle atmosphere temperature. For each instrument, on every individual day year over entire long-term record were averaged build composite temperature profiles. These profiles then interpolated provide values 1-km altitude intervals so that comprises daily integer altitudes between 15 110 km, depending instrument. The climatologies for compared CIRA-86 model other. Large differences temperatures are identified explained. When all instruments, appears systematically much too cold 90 95 by 20 K or more, possibly 6–8 warm around 80 making its use as reference questionable these altitudes. annual semiannual components seasonal variability 2- 33-day period investigated. An cycle with 6–7 amplitude in upper stratosphere, increasing 15–20 is observed midlatitudes. This phase solar flux stratosphere opposite mesosphere very summer mesopause 85 good agreement previous climatologies. At lower latitudes, oscillation propagates downward 30 km characterized stronger first than second (4 2 respectively). midlatitudes shows maximum during winter 40 mesosphere. peak associated planetary wave activity stratospheric warmings occurrence mesospheric inversions. Finally, sudden transitions, highly consistent observed. In particular, early two-step warming 65 well cooling appear be real climatological events rather some short-term geophysical instrumental random variability.