Expanding the actions of cortisol and corticosterone in wild vertebrates: A necessary step to overcome the emerging challenges

摘要: Abstract We conducted a review of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2014 evaluated how frequently various aspects cortisol corticosterone (CORT) actions have been considered in studies on wild vertebrates. Results show that (1) the notion CORT are stress-responsive hormones is central our theoretical frameworks it reflected by fact several refer to as “stress hormones”. (2) The large majority do not contemplate possibility decrease no change levels response chronic stressors. (3) Our ideas about energy balance slanted towards mobilization energy, though there considering -and empirically addressing- CORT’s orexigenic actions, particularly birds. (4) roles mineral-water balance, widely documented biomedical area, virtually ignored literature vertebrates, with exception fish. (5) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent regulation secretion also very scarcely considered. (6) preparative, permissive, suppressive stimulatory CORT, described Sapolsky et al. (2000), currently authors. include an extension Preparative Hypothesis, proposing priming effects baseline stress-induced increase threshold severity necessary for subsequent stimuli become Studies animal ecology conservation require integration novel perspectives developed other research areas.