Hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth nexus: Evidence from a panel of ten largest hydroelectricity consumers

摘要: Abstract This paper explores the long-run and causal relationships between hydroelectricity consumption economic growth for a panel of 10 largest consuming countries over period 1965–2012. The include Brazil, Canada, China, France, India, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Turkey U.S.A. Using Bai Perron (2003) [9] tests cointegration, results indicate that real GDP per capita appear to be cointegrated around broken intercept. Granger causality from nonlinear smooth transition vector error correction model suggest different depending on regimes, which we identified based structural break tests. test three breaks at 1988, 2000 2009. For pre-1988 period, there is evidence unidirectional running in both short- long-run. Over post-1988 exists bidirectional energy imply existence feedback hypothesis with promoting each other more recent periods, as importance renewable energy, has become prominent.