True Colors: commercially-acquired morphological genotypes reveal hidden allele variation among dog breeds, informing both trait ancestry and breed potential

摘要: Abstract Direct-to-consumer canine genetic testing is becoming increasingly popular among dog owners. The data collected therein provides intriguing insight into the current status of morphological variation present within purebred populations. Mars WISDOM PANELTM from 11,790 anonymized dogs, representing 212 breeds and 4 wild species, were evaluated at genes associated with 7 coat color traits 5 physical characteristics. Frequencies for all tested alleles these 12 determined by breed phylogenetic grouping. A sub-set data, consisting 30 breeds, was divided separate same-breed populations based on country collection, body size, variation, or lineages selected working conformation traits. Significantly different (p ≤ 0.00167) allele frequencies observed between least one in 26 breeds. Next, standard descriptions major American international registries used to determine colors tail lengths (e.g. bobtail) accepted each breed. Alleles capable producing incongruous 143 such that random mating has probabilities 4.9e−7 0.25 creating undesirable phenotypes. Finally, presence rare as those recessive black coloration natural bobtail, combined previously published identity-by-decent haplotype sharing levels propose pathways which may have spread throughout Taken together, this work demonstrates that: 1) occurrence low frequency can reveal influence regional functional selection practices; 2) it possible trace mode characteristics across during historical formation; 3) necessity addressing conflicting ideals relative actual potential crucial. Author Summary From sleek Doberman Pinscher coifed Poodle, sunny Golden Retriever aristocratic Pekingese, world dogs offers options appeal nearly aesthetics. Pure there are over 400 worldwide, created through selective breeding multiple generations, toward an ideal goal temperament, behavior, appearance. Written breed-specific produced maintained dedicated enthusiasts, provide guidelines direct breeders their choices. However, mechanisms produce spectrum patterns, sculpt small triangular ears a Siberian Husky long soft Basset Hound, complicated intertwined. This means some carry rare, hidden many hampering efforts uniformity. We genotypes >11,000 >200 impact In doing so, we now realistic trait breed, report occurrences gene variants traits, draw conclusions about historic modern related distant shared ancestry.