Digital Apollo: Human and Machine in Spaceflight

摘要: As Apollo 11's Lunar Module descended toward the moon under automatic control, a program alarm in guidance computer's software nearly caused mission abort. Neil Armstrong responded by switching off mode and taking direct control. He stopped monitoring computer began flying spacecraft, relying on skill to land it earning praise for triumph of human over machine. In Digital Apollo, engineer-historian David Mindell takes this famous moment as starting point an exploration relationship between humans computers program. each six landings, astronaut command seized control from landed with his hand stick. recounts story astronauts' desire their spacecraft parallel history Guidance Computer. From early days aviation through birth spaceflight, test pilots astronauts sought be more than "spam can" despite controls, digital computers, developed engineers. examines design execution drawing transcripts data telemetry flights, interviews, NASA's extensive archives. Mindell's how automated systems worked together achieve ultimate flight -- lunar landing traces reframes debate future automation space. The results have implications any venture which roles seem threatened systems, whether is work at our desktops or exploration.