Stereoscopic visualization in endoscopic surgery: Problems, benefits, and potentials

摘要: In recent years the application of 3D video endoscopic systems in clinical routine, especially field surgery, has increased steadily. The number used operating theatre today is obviously lower than established traditional 2D systems. hesitant new technology can be mainly explained by lack evaluation its influence on surgical procedure and patient benefit as well need for specific economic analysis. starting point our investigations was to analyze endoscopy endoscopically guided manipulations general. order achieve quantitative statements we performed laboratory experiments using human factors analyzing methods. next step studies a side-by-side comparison These showed that use an improving intraoperative procedures. We also found spatial visual perception stereoscopic images may cause problems some users. For validation visualization additionally studied isolated technical, optical, physiological parameters transposition into visually manipulations. Detailed results these concerning binocular are presented.