Refugial isolation and secondary contact in the dyeing poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius.

摘要: Recent palaeoclimactic research suggests that fluctuating environmental conditions throughout the Pleistocene of Amazonia occurred with previously unrecognized frequency. This has resulted in a theoretical shift from glacially influenced fluctuations to those driven by precessional rhythms. revolution profound impact on expectations biotic diversity within biogeographical regions have long been based idea large-scale landscape fragmentation associated increased aridity and glacial cycles. Generally speaking, this shifts phylogeographical (i) large areas sympatry closely related (but not sister) species whose origins lie separate refugia, current distributions are results cyclic connectivity two refugia (refuge hypothesis), (ii) fine scale genetic structure, often elevation, divergence well below expected speciation levels [disturbance-vicariance (DV) hypothesis]. To date there few tests DV hypothesis empirical studies Neotropical floral faunal communities. Herein we examine structure Dendrobates tinctorius, an amphibian endemic uplands eastern Guiana Shield, sampling 114 individuals 24 localities. Phylogenetic, nested clade, dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analyses cytochrome b sequence data reveal presence mitochondrial lineages identified western area. The geographical distribution haplotypes DIVA coalescent suggest extensive secondary contact between these indicating complex history highlands, supporting predictions hypothesis.