Olfactory and trigeminal interaction of menthol and nicotine in humans.

摘要: The purpose of the study was to investigate interactions between two stimuli—menthol and nicotine—both which activate olfactory trigeminal system. More specifically, we wanted know whether menthol at different concentrations modulates perception burning stinging pain induced by nicotine stimuli in human nose. followed an eightfold randomized, double-blind, cross-over design including 20 participants. Thirty phasic one (99 134 ng/mL) were applied during entire experiment every 1.5 min for 1 s; tonic stimulation three (0.8, 1.5 3.4 μg/mL) or no-menthol (placebo control conditions) introduced after 15th stimulus. perceived intensities nicotine’s sensations, as well menthol’s odor, cooling estimated using visual analog scales. Recorded estimates sensations initially decreased (first half experiment) probably due adaptation/habituation. Tonic did not change steady-state intensity estimates, neither nor pain. Menthol-induced odor concentration dependent when combined with low-intensity stimuli. Surprisingly, this dose dependency eliminated combining high-intensity There no such effect on sensation. In summary, detected caused but elicited