Current status of physical measurements of the skeleton

摘要: An overview is presented of some the major methods measuring skeleton in past 30 years. These include single photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual (DPA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and recently energy radiographic (DRA), also called DEXA (dual x‐ray absorptiometry). In addition to these methods, all attempting measure bone mineral density, regional total body calcium have been determined by vivoneutronactivation analysis (IVNAA). attempt determine quality as contrasted with quantity has made using ultrasound, measurements speed sound attenuation useful parameters characterize tissue. While various for density most useful, no one method includes features required be entirely satisfactory: excellent precision accuracy ability volumetric gm/cm3. Least successful predict fracture risk, an essential goal helping patient.