Evolution, Development, and Function of the Pulmonary Surfactant System in Normal and Perturbed Environments.

摘要: Surfactant lipids and proteins form a surface active film at the air-liquid interface of internal gas exchange organs, including swim bladders lungs. The system is uniquely positioned to meet both physical challenges associated with dynamically changing interface, environmental foreign pathogens particles which exposed. Lungs range from simple, transparent, bag-like units complex, multilobed, compartmentalized structures. Despite this anatomical variability, surfactant remarkably conserved. Here, we discuss evolutionary origin system, likely predates We describe evolution structure function in invertebrates vertebrates. focus on changes lipid protein composition its antiadhesive innate immune alveolar stability structural integrity functions. biochemical, hormonal, autonomic, mechanical factors that regulate normal secretion mature animals. present an analysis ontogeny development among vertebrates contribution different regulatory mechanisms control development. also (oxygen), hormonal biochemical (glucocorticoids glucose) pollutant (maternal smoking, alcohol, common “recreational” drugs) effects impact On adult variables temperature, pressure, hypoxia have shaped resultant biophysical, cellular adaptations. Finally, effect major modern gaseous particulate pollutants lung system. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:363-422, 2016.