Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Gastrointestinal Cancers

摘要: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular death and associated with significant morbidity. Patients cancer, gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in particular, are at increased risk VTE, bleeding VTE treatment, recurrent compared the general population. has been shown to be among patients cancer. This review will discuss special considerations prevention, diagnosis, management GI malignancies. Given observed ambulatory malignancies, multiple trials have examined demonstrated efficacy prophylactic anticoagulation high-risk cancer undergoing chemotherapy, particularly gastric pancreatic cancers. also played central role discussions risks benefits use direct oral anticoagulants cancers, first-line options expanding include low-molecular-weight heparin, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, apixaban. However, there continue concerns regarding an edoxaban rivaroxaban In addition anticoagulation, individualized benefit analysis should undertaken for interventions including inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement catheter-directed thrombolysis setting Several unique scenarios that may seen incidental splanchnic vein thrombosis, IVC iliac compression, require decision making.