Conservation and the genetics of populations

摘要: Authors of Guest Boxes. Preface. List Symbols. PART I: INTRODUCTION. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Genetics and conservation. 1.2 What should we conserve?. 1.3 How conserve biodiversity?. 1.4 Applications genetics to Box by L. S. Mills M. E. Soule: The role in 2 Phenotypic Variation Natural Populations. 2.1 Color pattern. 2.2 Morphology. 2.3 Behavior. 2.4 Differences among populations. C. J. Foote: Looks can be deceiving: countergradient variation secondary sexual color sympatric morphs sockeye salmon. 3 Genetic Populations: Chromosomes Proteins. 3.1 Chromosomes. 3.2 Protein electrophoresis. 3.3 within 3.4 divergence 3.5 Strengths limitations protein A. Young B. G. Murray: Management implications polploidy a cytologically complex self-incompatible herb. 4 DNA. 4.1 Mitochondrial chloroplast 4.2 Single copy nuclear loci. 4.3 Multilocus techniques. 4.4 Sex-linked markers. 4.5 DNA sequences. 4.6 Additional techniques the future. 4.7 natural N. FitzSimmons: Multiple markers uncover marine turtle behavior. II: MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE. 5 Random Mating Hardy-Weinberg Principle. 5.1 principle. 5.2 proportions. 5.3 Testing for 5.4 Estimation allele frequencies. 5.5 5.6 genetic variation. V. Castric Bernatchez: alternative explanations deficiencies heterozygotes populations brook trout small lakes. 6 Small Populations Drift. 6.1 drift. 6.2 Changes frequency. 6.3 Loss variation: inbreeding effect 6.4 allelic diversity. 6.5 Founder effect. 6.6 Genotypic proportions 6.7 Fitness effects P. Leberg D. Rogowski: population size reduces growth rate mosquitofish. 7 Effective Population Size. 7.1 Concept effective size. 7.2 Unequal sex ratio. 7.3 Nonrandom number progeny. 7.4 Fluctuating 7.5 Overlapping generations. 7.6 Variance 7.7 Cytoplasmic genes. 7.8 Gene genealogies lineage sorting. 7.9 Limitations 7.10 R. Miller Waits: Yellowstone grizzly bears. 8 Selection. 8.1 Fitness. 8.2 locus with two alleles. 8.3 8.4 Frequency-dependent selection. 8.5 selection 8.6 Stockwell Collyer: Rapid adaptation 9 Subdivision. 9.1 F-statistics. 9.2 Complete isolation. 9.3 flow. 9.4 flow 9.5 genes sex-linked 9.6 9.7 FST other measures subdivision. 9.8 gene 9.9 subdivision Baker F. Pichler: Hector's dolphin structure 10 Loci. 10.1 Gametic disequilibrium. 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Hybridization. 10.6 gametic H. Forbes: Dating hybrid using 11 Quantitative Genetics. 11.1 Heritability. 11.2 Selection on quantitative traits. 11.3 trait loci (QTLs). 11.4 drift bottlenecks. 11.5 Divergence (QST). 11.6 W. Coltman: Response trophy hunting bighorn sheep. 12 Mutation. 12.1 Process mutation. 12.2 Selectively neutral mutations. 12.3 Harmful 12.4 Advantageous 12.5. Recovery from bottleneck. Nachman: evolution via different mutations pocket mice. III: GENETICS AND CONSERVATION. 13 Inbreeding Depression. 13.1 Pedigree analysis. 13.2 drop 13.3 F relatedness molecular 13.4 Causes depression. 13.5 Measurement 13.6 load purging. Lacy: Understanding depression: 20 years experiments Peromyscus 14 Demography Extinction. 14.1 14.2 depression extinction. 14.3 viability 14.4 phenotypic 14.5 evolutionary potential. 14.6 14.7 Mutational meltdown. 14.8 Long-term persistence. 14.9 50/500 rule. Taylor: Noninvasive estimation wombats. 15 Metapopulations Fragmentation. 15.1 metapopulation concept. 15.2 metapopulations. 15.3 15.4 fragmentation. 15.5 rescue. 15.6 viability. Vrijenhoek: loss rescue stream-dwelling topminnows. 16 Units Conservation. 16.1 try protect?. 16.2 Systematics taxonomy. 16.3 Phylogeny reconstruction. 16.4 Description relationships species. 16.5 16.6 Integrating genetic, phenotypic, environmental information. Waples: Identifying conservation units Pacific 17 17.1 hybridization. 17.2 Anthropogenic 17.3 consequences 17.4 Detecting describing 17.5 Hybridization Rieseberg: plants. 18 Conservation Breeding Restoration. 18.1 breeding. 18.2 Reproductive technologies genome banking. 18.3 Founding breeding programs. 18.4 captive 18.5 captivity. 18.6 management 18.7 Supportive 18.8 Reintroductions translocations. Briskie: Effects bottlenecks introduced species birds. 19 Invasive Species. 19.1 Why are invasive so successful?. 19.2 analysis 19.3 Establishment spread 19.4 as stimulus invasiveness. 19.5 Eradication, management, control. Maron: St John's Wort. Forensic Identification. 20.1 Species identification. 20.2 Individual identification probability identity. 20.3 Parentage testing. 20.4 Sex 20.5 assignment. 20.6 composition Microsatellite genotyping identifies problem bear cubs. Glossary. Appendix: Probability Statistics. A Crow: Is mathematics necessary?. References. Index