Integral projection models for species with complex demography.

摘要: Abstract: Matrix projection models occupy a central role in population and conservation biology. divide into discrete classes, even if the structuring trait exhibits continuous variation (e.g., body size). The integral model (IPM) avoids classes potential artifacts from arbitrary class divisions, facilitates parsimonious modeling based on smooth relationships between individual state demographic performance, can be implemented with standard matrix software. Here, we extend IPM to species complex attributes, including dormant active life stages, cross‐classification by several attributes size, age, condition), changes structure over cycle. We present general encompassing these cases, numerical methods, theoretical results, stable growth sensitivity/elasticity analysis for density‐independent models, local stability densi...