Optimising payment for environmental services schemes by integrating strategies: The case of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

摘要: Abstract Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes is a popular tool to address the problem of environmental degradation. However, these projects do not always produce their best outputs due inefficiencies sustainable development policies. Although some sources cannot be controlled, implementation PES systems following integrated approach (more than one project acting on same site) expected increase benefits and offer solutions problems. Moreover, this integration should provide an optimal combination both short long-term ecosystem services, ensuring resilience social change. This study analyses nine combinations Rural Development (RD) in three regions Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. The focus analyse how different can promote continuous provision services targeted by each project, as well assess schemes, general, contribute increasing socio-ecological benefitted area. Desk research field interviews were conducted obtain necessary information costs schemes. data collected has provided us with qualitative illustrate theory behind people's lived experiences. These outcomes other socio-economic parameters analysed through Multicriteria Decision Analysis. paper shows approaches have offered trade-off among all regions. At time, they high potential ensure sustainability that area while towards resilient community/environment.