Stopping clinical trials early for benefit: impact on estimation.
作者： Boris Freidlin , Edward L Korn
关键词:
摘要: Background It has been suggested in the literature that well-known bias of treatment-effect estimators due to possibility early stopping for positive results is a major concern with inte...
sagepub.com
sci-hub.se 参考文章(21)
Bruce W. Turnbull, Christopher Jennison, Group Sequential Methods with Applications to Clinical Trials ,(1999)
SCOTT S. EMERSON, THOMAS R. FLEMING, Parameter estimation following group sequential hypothesis testing Biometrika. ,vol. 77, pp. 875- 892 ,(1990) , 10.1093/BIOMET/77.4.875
JOHN WHITEHEAD, On the bias of maximum likelihood estimation following a sequential test Biometrika. ,vol. 73, pp. 573- 581 ,(1986) , 10.1093/BIOMET/73.3.573
Myron N. Chang, Harry S. Wieand, Vivian T. Chang, The bias of the sample proportion following a group sequential phase II clinical trial Statistics in Medicine. ,vol. 8, pp. 563- 570 ,(1989) , 10.1002/SIM.4780080505
David J. Spiegelhalter, Laurence S. Freedman, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Bayesian Approaches to Randomized Trials Journal of The Royal Statistical Society Series A-statistics in Society. ,vol. 157, pp. 357- 387 ,(1994) , 10.2307/2983527
S Todd, Point and interval estimation following a sequential clinical trial Biometrika. ,vol. 83, pp. 453- 461 ,(1996) , 10.1093/BIOMET/83.2.453
R Peto, M C Pike, P Armitage, N E Breslow, D R Cox, S V Howard, N Mantel, K McPherson, J Peto, P G Smith, Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design. British Journal of Cancer. ,vol. 34, pp. 585- 612 ,(1976) , 10.1038/BJC.1976.220
J. L. Haybittle, Repeated assessment of results in clinical trials of cancer treatment British Journal of Radiology. ,vol. 44, pp. 793- 797 ,(1971) , 10.1259/0007-1285-44-526-793
Stuart J. Pocock, Michael D. Hughes, Practical problems in interim analyses, with particular regard to estimation. Controlled Clinical Trials. ,vol. 10, pp. 209- 221 ,(1989) , 10.1016/0197-2456(89)90059-7
Pamela A. Ohman Strickland, George Casella, Conditional inference following group sequential testing Biometrical Journal. ,vol. 45, pp. 515- 526 ,(2003) , 10.1002/BIMJ.200390029