Clinical and laboratory assessment of cardiovascular risk in children: Guidelines for screening, evaluation, and treatment

摘要: The early lesions of atherosclerosis begin in childhood and are related to antecedent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Environmental genetic factors (eg, diet, obesity, exercise, certain inherited dyslipidemias) influence progression such lesions. Identification youth at for includes an integrated assessment these predisposing Treatment starts with a diet low total saturated fat cholesterol, use water-soluble fiber, plant stanols sterols, weight control, exercise. Drug therapy, example, inhibitors hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, can be considered those positive family history premature CVD low-density lipoprotein >160 mg/dL after dietary hygienic measures. Candidates drug therapy often include familial hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian type 1 diabetes, nephrotic syndrome. Such appears safe efficacious. Early identification treatment dyslipidemia likely retard atherosclerotic process. Optimal detection high-risk children either from general population or families will require comprehensive universal screening evaluation program.