Molecular phylogeny of telenomine egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.: Telenominae): evolution of host shifts and implications for classification

摘要: Parasitoid wasps of the subfamily Telenominae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) develop as immatures within eggs other insects (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Neuroptera). Rearing records indicate that individual species are restricted to attack hosts only one these four main groups. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis group using sequence data from multiple genes (18S, 28S, COI, EF-1α) assess pattern shifts among host groups test monophyly relationships genera species-groups. sensu Masner—that is, including nominate tribe Telenomini—is not monophyletic. Representatives Psix (Psix Kozlov & Le Paratelenomus Dodd) form monophyletic is sister Gryon Haliday (Scelioninae: Gryonini) excluded subfamily. The remaining telenomines genus Phanuromyia Dodd crassiclava Telenomus Haliday, both recorded parasitoids planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea), all exclusive group. Twenty-nine aradi transferred new combinations. Basal elements in reared true bugs (Heteroptera), primarily stink (Pentatomoidea) seed (Lygaeoidea). A shift parasitism lepidopteran evolved single clade, occurring either or two times. From this clade small species, tabanivorus group, subsequently shifted egg masses flies (Tabanidae Stratiomyiidae). Aholcus Kieffer Platytelenomus belong considered junior synonyms (new synonymy for Aholcus). status core genera, Trissolcus could be resolved data. suggests comparisons taxa may fruitful elucidating mechanisms by which locate their hosts, proximate factors determine range, changes influence changes.