A review of the mathematical models used for simulation of calcareous stone deterioration in historical buildings

摘要: Abstract Historic buildings and monuments are often composed of carbonate-based stone materials, susceptible to deterioration by the action acidic substances on its main component, calcite (CaCO3). Today levels air pollution that attack heterogeneous structures with a mixture different usually complex articulated geometries, responsible damage calcareous stones. However mechanisms degradation factors affect them cannot be simply specified, due sum coupled processes involving physical, chemical biological changes, associated capillarity porosity, other hand management large number samples cost characterization analysis, modeling can contemplate tool for care protection real estate over time. Reason why this work shows bibliographical review mathematical models aim describe how surfaces these varies time, particular attention surface recession stone, as function sets variables have been considered determinants in cases studied. It has shown last 30 years had revealing evolution fact phenomenon gradually understood, putting background such SO2 because reduction worldwide, introducing HNO3 which had, contrary, increasing values. In addition, it linear polynomials, even if they lend themselves well represent phenomenon, 10 replaced equations or systems differential one more taken into account. Finally, was revealed lack an inclusive model, capable including all possible processes, time adapted case studies, parts world conditions nearby, at least similar materials. Theoretical concepts ideal model should structured finally proposed.